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How can I install newly created fonts?

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I am using texlive2015 on Ubuntu 14.04. The distro is owned by root and I have to use sudo for such things as updmap. [I have another computer where I changed ownership to me, but the following problems are similar there.] I am using pdftex with dvi output, which I then convert to pdf via dvipdfmx. (This is for historical reasons: I started work on this 700-page book 20 years ago. It is (e)plain tex with lots of my own macros and 100 eps figures.) I now want to enable font expansion (this is the reason for using pdftex, besides character protrusion.) However, I cannot reliably get the new fonts to work, especially if I use more than one font. Here is a simple example.

pdfoutput=0 
fonttenrm=ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1
fonttenit=ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1
hsize=5truein
tenrm

pdffontexpandtenrm 20 20 5
pdffontexpandtenit 20 20 5
pdfadjustspacing=2

Our {it major topics} include random walks and their intimate connection to
electrical networks; uniform spanning trees, their limiting forests, and
their marvelous relationships with random walks and electrical networks;
branching processes; percolation and the powerful, elegant mass-transport
technique; isoperimetric inequalities and how they relate to both random
walks and percolation; minimal spanning trees and forests, and their
connections to percolation; Hausdorff dimension, capacity, and how to
understand them via trees; and random walks on Galton-Watson trees.
Connections among our topics are pervasive and rich, making for surprising
and enjoyable proofs.

bye

I followed the instructions at How do I make expanded fonts and install them?, but they did not ever work fully. I have the above file in the same directory as the map file and the new fonts. I cannot get xdvi to work properly, even with only the roman fonts here. The error includes

kpathsea: Running mktexpk --mfmode / --bdpi 600 --mag 1+0/600 --dpi 600 ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+15
mktexpk: don't know how to create bitmap font for ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+15.
mktexpk: perhaps ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+15 is missing from the map file.
kpathsea: Appending font creation commands to missfont.log.

dvipdfmx is similar:

kpathsea: Running mktexpk --mfmode / --bdpi 600 --mag 1+0/600 --dpi 600
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+10
mktexpk: don't know how to create bitmap font for ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+10.
mktexpk: perhaps ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+10 is missing from the map file.
kpathsea: Appending font creation commands to missfont.log.

dvipdfmx:warning: Could not locate a virtual/physical font for TFM
"ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+10".
dvipdfmx:warning: >> There are no valid font mapping entry for this font.
dvipdfmx:warning: >> Font file name "ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+10" was assumed
but failed to locate that font.
dvipdfmx:fatal: Cannot proceed without .vf or "physical" font for PDF
output...

Output file removed.

If I run dvipdfmx -f newtx-ext.map, then I will get output. However, the italics cause distortions in spacing and scaling (more evident in a longer file, especially with ntxmi math font unexpanded mixed in):

pdf output

Similarly, if I use only italics, the pdf is fine, but if I mix rm, then I will get similar distortions. In addition, if I expand only tenrm, not tenit, then the results are similarly poor. dvips fails to find the correct fonts, but dvips -u+newtx-ext.map produces perfect output:

dvips output

However, I need a suitable dvi file in order to use dvipdfmx (for a proper pdf file with my book, not with this test file).

kpsewhich ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+20.tfm reports ./ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+20.tfm, kpsewhich ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1+20.tfm reports ./ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1+20.tfm and kpsewhich newtx-ext.map reports ./newtx-ext.map.

Here is the map file:

ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+20 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 1.020 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+15 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 1.015 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+10 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 1.010 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1+5 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 1.005 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1-20 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 0.980 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1-15 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 0.985 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1-10 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 0.990 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Regular-tlf-ot1-5 TeXGyreTermes-Regular " 0.995 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmr.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1+20 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 1.020 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1+15 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 1.015 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1+10 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 1.010 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1+5 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 1.005 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1-20 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 0.980 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1-15 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 0.985 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1-10 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 0.990 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb
ntx-Italic-tlf-ot1-5 TeXGyreTermes-Italic " 0.995 ExtendFont encntx-ot1-tlf ReEncodeFont " <ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <[ntx-ot1-tlf.enc <qtmri.pfb

This map file is incorporated properly (I believe) in both /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex_dl14.map and /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts_t1.map.

The output of sudo -H updmap --force --enable Map=newtx-ext.map is

updmap is using the following updmap.cfg files (in precedence order):
  /root/.texmf-config/web2c/updmap.cfg
  /etc/texmf/web2c/updmap.cfg
  /usr/share/texmf/web2c/updmap.cfg
  /usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/web2c/updmap.cfg
updmap is using the following updmap.cfg file for writing changes:
  /root/.texmf-config/web2c/updmap.cfg
dvips output dir: "/root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap"
pdftex output dir: "/root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap"
dvipdfmx output dir: "/root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvipdfmx/updmap"

updmap is creating new map files
using the following configuration:
  LW35 font names                  : URWkb (default)
  prefer outlines                  : true (default)
  texhash enabled                  : true
  download standard fonts (dvips)  : true (default)
  download standard fonts (pdftex) : true (default)
  kanjiEmbed replacement string    : noEmbed (default)
  kanjiVariant replacement string  :  (default)
  create a mapfile for pxdvi       : false (default)

Scanning for LW35 support files  [  3 files]
Scanning for MixedMap entries    [ 49 files]
Scanning for KanjiMap entries    [  6 files]
Scanning for Map entries         [209 files]

Generating output for dvipdfmx...
Generating output for ps2pk...
Generating output for dvips...
Generating output for pdftex...

Files generated:
  /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap:
       15762 2016-01-09 15:56:43 builtin35.map
       21235 2016-01-09 15:56:43 download35.map
     1093081 2016-01-09 15:56:43 psfonts_pk.map
     1353946 2016-01-09 15:56:43 psfonts_t1.map
     1348439 2016-01-09 15:56:43 ps2pk.map
          14 2016-01-09 15:56:44 psfonts.map -> psfonts_t1.map
  /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap:
     1348446 2016-01-09 15:56:44 pdftex_dl14.map
     1346781 2016-01-09 15:56:44 pdftex_ndl14.map
          15 2016-01-09 15:56:44 pdftex.map -> pdftex_dl14.map
  /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvipdfmx/updmap:
        6109 2016-01-09 15:56:43 kanjix.map

Transcript written on "/root/.texmf-var/web2c/updmap.log".
updmap: Updating ls-R files.

I really hope someone can help me. I have spent many frustrating hours over the last month on this, but I can see that if I get it to work, it will be worthwhile. Thank you!

Edit:

After cleaning the results of update (without -sys), I ran sudo updmap-sys --enable Map=newtx-ext.map; that did very little, so I ran sudo updmap-sys --force --enable Map=newtx-ext.map. It gave the same results as above, with the following exceptions: The first line was updmap: resetting $HOME value (was /home/rdlyons) to root's actual home (/root). and the end was

WARNING: updmap has found mismatched files!

The following files have been generated as listed above,
but will not be found because overriding files exist, listed below.
 builtin35.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/builtin35.map
 download35.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/download35.map
 kanjix.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvipdfmx/updmap/kanjix.map
 pdftex.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map
 pdftex_dl14.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex_dl14.map
 pdftex_ndl14.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex_ndl14.map
 ps2pk.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/ps2pk.map
 psfonts.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
 psfonts_pk.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts_pk.map
 psfonts_t1.map: /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts_t1.map
(Run updmap --help for full documentation of updmap.)

Transcript written on "/var/lib/texmf/web2c/updmap.log".
updmap: Updating ls-R files.

So I moved that directory /root/.texmf-var/fonts/map and then that last problem disappeared. However, nothing was fixed: the exact same problems occur.


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